Improvement in machine for spinning flax, hemp



UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

EENRY A. CHAPIN, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR To WILLIAM SPARKSTHOMSON, OE NEW YORK. I

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINE FOR SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, SLC.

Specification formingl part of Letters Patent No. 106,466, dated August1G, 1870.

To all to whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. CHAPIN, of Bridgeport, in the State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and Improved Method of Spinning Hemp,Flax, or other Similar Fibers; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is afull and exact description thereof', reference being hadto the accompanying drawing, and to the letters of reference markedthereon.

The nature of my improvements consistsin compressing devices, hereinafter described, arranged in advance ofthe flier, and operatin g on thesliver to prevent any twist therein, except between it and the twisting`devices; and they also consist in a pulley provided with a V- shavedgroove, around which the yarn, after it has been twisted, is passed, andwhich, in passing, is compressed between the upper and lower surface ofthe groove, but does not touch the bottom thereof, and it thus receivesas fast as it is produced, and as will be more fully describedhereafter, an even tension and conipression throughout its whole length.

Figure lis a front elevation of the spinningmachine containing myimprovements; Fig. 2, a sectional elevation; Figs. 3, 4, and 5, detailsof the organ comprising the first improvement; Fig. G, enlarged sectionof the grooved pulley, with section of a yarn shown therein; Figs. 7 and8, detailed plan and elevation of the step of the bobbin-spindle.

The like letters of reference correspond throughout all the figures. I

a is the framing of the machine, b, the shaft, the source of motion tothe machine. The shaft b carries three pulleys, b1 b2 b3, and the screwb4. The pulley. b1, by a cord or band, gives motion to the pulley c,attached, by a sleeve, d, to the yarn-carrier c, both turning upon thehollow spindle d1.

The pulley b2 imparts an independent motion to the hollow spindle d1 bycords or bands acting upon the pulley d, to which the spindle d1 isattached. To the spindle dl are fixed the iiier d2 and the V-shapedpulley l.

The pulley b3, by a cord or band, gives the motion to the pulley c,which, by a fixed/key, acting in a Slot in the'axle or sbatte", carriesthe bobbin frictionvplate c2.

The shaft cl turns in the step c, and is held during its rotation, atits reduced upper extremity, by the hollow spindle d; but the shaft e1has a quicker motion than the spindle (Z1, in order to give thenecessary draft to the bobbin friction-plate on which the bobbin rests,thus, by its draft upon the bobbin, taking up the yarn as it is spun.

The bobbinf turns freely upon the spindle d1 and shaft el, and restsupon the bobbin-plate c2. The bobbin-plate c2 is bored out to allow itto pass freely up and down the shaft c1, but is rotated with it by meansof a fixed key, acted on by the slot e3 in the shaft c'.

The bobbin-plate, at its lower part, is formed into the cylindricalbearingc4, turning in the annular step c5. The annular step e5 restsupon or may be formed inthe cross-bearer g, which is made to rise andfall, lifting and lowering the bobbin with it by means of a screw, b4,acting'on the Spur-wheel h, driving the two cams h1 h2, which depressthe vertical sliding pieces M1, connected, by the cords i2 3 and pulleysi* 5 s i7, with the cross-bearer g.

I/Vhen the cams have depressed the pieces t' il to their lowest pointthe bobbin is lifted to its highest point, and the further revolution ofthe cams releasing the vertical pieces 'i t" of the pressure, thebobbinj'and cross-bar g overbalance the weight of the vertical slidingpieces i' il, and descend by the force of gravity, again to be raised bythe action of the cams, and in like manner allowed to descend.

In this manner, or by the use of any mechanism usually employed for thispurpose, l a-m able to distribute the yarn evenly and regularly over thebobbins.

j is the yarn coming from the sliver-can, and at j it enters the organset forth as my first improvement. This apparatus is supported by theframing (c. Itis composed of four pieces of metal, arran ged in twopairs, one pair above the other, each pair pierced vertically with acylindrical hole for the passage of the yarn, each pair acted upon by anannular ring of caoutchouc or other elastic compressor, so that the yarnmay always meet with a certain amount of resistance in its passagethrough and prevent the ribbon from receiving any twist before passingthis organ. Fig. 3 is an elevation of this part in section; Fig. 4, aplan in section, and Fig. 5 a plan in cross-section.

It will be seen that the horizontal dividingline of the two pairs is atright angles with y each other. The employment of two pairs so placedinsures, by compression on all sides, a perfectly cylindrical yarn.

k is the metal frame supporting the upper pair of metal blocks, k1 k2,and the lower pair, k3 7a4, each pair compressed by its caoutchouc rings765 k6.

When the yarn passes from this organ it begins to receive its twist.Passing through the eye c2 of the yarn-carrier c1, the yarn passesthrough the outer notch, c3, ofthe yarn-carrier, enters by the notch c4,and round the grooved pulley I. This pulley is made with a deep, sharpgroove or cut, the groove so made that the yarn in passing half aroundit, and being therein tightly pinched, so that it cannot slip, is thusdrawn with a regular unvarying'speed through the tube above in theyarn-carrier, and thence down the sides ofthe yarnlcarrier.

The grooved pulley, by means ofthe groove formed by the two surfaces,fuliills the part of a perfectly self-acting regulator of the twist, aswill be seen by reference to the drawing, Fig. 6 for if, as it oftenoccurs, the sliver or ribbon of the material being spun is not regularin size, upon reaching the pulley it will of necessity be drawn nearerto or farther from the bottom of the groove.

As a large yarn requires less number of twists vin a given length than asmall one, it will be `seen that the large yarn, being nearer the outeredge of the pulley, is drawn faster, and consequently receives lesstwist, than the small yarn, which would be nearer to the bottom of thegroove. Thus the pulley works automatically in giving the necessarydegree of twist to the yarn without any change in the relative speeds ofthe lier, the threadcarrier, and bobbin-spindle, upon the latter ofwhich this pulley is carried. From this pulley the yarn comes outthrough the notch c5, thence through the notch c, and down through thecenter of the grooved pulley Z, down the hollow spindle dl, and, comingout, passes along the flier d2, and thence to the bobbin f.

The bobbin, when full of yarn, is removed by partial rotation of thelower step, c6, which then drops into the cavity m. The shaft el fallsaway from the spindle dl, and, being inclined forward, the shaft can bedrawn out of the bobbin, bobbin-plate, and pulley e. The full bobbin canthen be taken away and replaced by an empty one.

Having now described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination, with,and arranged in advance of, the iiier, of the stationary frame 7c andits compressing-blocks, as and for the purpose described.

2. The grooved pulley for gripin g and drawing the yarn at a variablerate of action, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the yarn-carrier with the grooved pulley,constructed as described, and for the purpose set forth.

HENRY A. GHAPIN.

Witnesses:

D. H. BRANDON,

13 Rue Guillon, Pars. A. H. BRANDON.

